1. Define a Protocol.
Protocol is a set of traffic rules and Procedures used for communication between entities in
different systems.
2. What are the key elements in a protocol.?
i. Syntax - Includes data format and Signal levels
ii. Semantics — Includes control information for co-coordinating & Error handling
iii. Timing — Includes speed matching and sequencing
3. What is a Data Communication.?
Data communication is the process of sending data electrically from one location to
another. Linking one computer to another permits the power and resources of that computer
to be tapped.
4. Bit stuffing
The insertion of extra bits into a data stream to avoid the appearance of unintended control
sequences
5. Bridge
A functional unit that interconnects two local area networks (LANs) that use the same
logical link control protocol but may use different medium access control protocols.
6. Switched Communication network
A communication network consisting of a network of nodes connected by point- to-point
links Data are transmitted from source to destination through intermediate nodes.
7. Define a Bandwidth.
Bandwidth or grade of a communication channel determines the rate or speed that data can
be transmitted over a channel.
8. What are the applications of Optical fiber cable? Optical fiber cable is used in
a) Long-haul trunks
b) Metropolitan Trunks
c) Rural-Exchange trunks
d) Subscriber loops
e) Local Area networks
9. What are the applications of Coaxial cables?
Coaxial cable is used in
a) Television Distribution
b) Long-distance telephone transmission
c) Short-run computer system links
d) Local Area Networks
10. What are the functions of network Layer. in OSI Model.?
• Routing
• Logical addressing (eg. IPaddressing)
• Address transformations
• Accounting & Billing
• Source to Destination error free delivery
